I think I broke my toe about a year ago. Didn't go to the doctor, as I was told that there was nothing a doctor could do aside from tell me to take painkiller and stay off my feet.
So if it's swollen, yes, put ice on it. Not for too long, and not directly (wrap it in a cloth). It can help the pain
a lot if you keep it marginally elevated - sit up in bed or across a couch and put a couple pillows under your foot. It doesn't sound like it would help, I was skeptical, but it really does make a big difference.
Aleve is more effective than other painkillers, but don't take it regularly for more than about a week.
Stay off your feet as much as you possibly can. If you have a job and it doesn't involve much sitting, considering calling in for a couple days until it's feeling a bit better. If you need a doctor's note and can't afford a regular doctor's visit, look up some low-cost clinics in your area - many scale their costs based on your income.
Don't push it, either. If you're starting to feel a little better, don't immediately resume your normal activities - if you're no longer walking carefully, you could easily reinjure yourself and set yourself back another week. No shame in hobbling!